A Pick database is divided into one or more accounts, master dictionaries, dictionaries, files and sub-files, each of which is a hash-table oriented file. These files contain records made up of fields, sub-fields and sub-sub-fields. In Pick, records are called items, fields are called attributes, and sub-fields are called values or sub-values (hence the present-day label «multivalued database»). All records are variable-length, and field and values are marked off by special delimiters, so that any file, record, or field may contain any number of entries of the lower level of entity. As a result, a Pick item (record) can be one complete entity (one entire invoice, purchase order, sales order, etc.), or is like a file on most conventional systems. Entities that are stored as ‘files’ in other common-place systems (i.e. source programs and text documents) must be stored as records within files on Pick.

The file hierarchy is roughly equivalent to the common Unix-like hierarchy of directories, sub-directories, and files. Dictionaries are similar to directories in that they store pointers to other dictionaries, files and executable programs. Dictionaries also contain the command-line language. The command-line language is extensible and hierarchically inherited, meaning that a dictionary at one level will use all of the lexical definitions from its higher level ‘parent’ dictionaries.

All files (accounts, dictionaries, files, sub-files) are organized identically as are all records. This uniformity is exploited throughout the system, both by system functions, and by the system administration commands. For example, the ‘find’ command will find and report the occurrence of a word or phrase in a file, and can operate on any account, dictionary, file or sub-file.

Each record must have a unique, primary key which determines where in a file that record is stored. To retrieve a record, its key is hashed and the resultant value specifies which of a set of discrete «buckets» (called «groups») to look in for the record. (Within a bucket, records are scanned sequentially.) Therefore, most records (i.e. a complete document) can be read-up using one single disk-read operation. This same method is used to write the record back to its correct «bucket».

In its initial implementation, Pick records were limited to 32K bytes in total (when a 10MB hard disk cost US$ 5000), although this limit was removed in the 1980s. Files can retain an unlimited number of records, but retrieval efficiency is determined by the number of records relative to the number of buckets allocated to the file. Each file may be initially allocated as many buckets as required, although changing this extent later may (for some filetypes) require the file to be quiescent. All modern multi-value databases have a special file-type which changes extent dynamically as the file is used. These use a technique called linear hashing, who’s cost is proportional to the change in file size, not (as in typical hashed files) the file size itself. All files start as a contiguous group of disk pages, and grow by linking additional «overflow» pages from unused disk space.

Initial Pick implementations had no index structures as they were not deemed necessary. Around 1990, a B-tree indexing feature was added. This feature makes secondary key look-ups operate much like keyed inquiries of any other database system: requiring at least two disk reads (a key read then a data-record read).

Files include a «dictionary» fork, and the items in the dictionary fork serve as definitions for the names and structure of the items in the data fork. The dictionary is optional, the system does not use the contents of the dictionary to ensure the integrity of the file as some other DBMS file-systems do; rather it is used only for the reporting tool. A Pick database has no data typing since all data is stored as characters, including numbers (which are stored as character decimal digits). Data Integrity , rather than being controlled by the system, is controlled by the applications and the discipline of the programmers. But, because a logical document in Pick is not fragmented (as it would be in SQL) intra-record integrity is automatic.

In contrast to many SQL database systems , Pick allows for multiple, pre-computed field aliases. For example, a date field may have an alias definition for the format 12 Oct 1999, and another alias formatting that same date field like 10/12/99. File cross-connects or joins are handled as a synonym definition of the foreign key. A customer’s data, such as name and address, are ‘joined’ from the customer file into the invoice file via a synonym definition of customer number in the invoice dictionary.

Pick record structure favors a «denormalized» decomposition, where all of the data for an entity is stored in a single record, obviating the need to perform joins . Managing large, sparse data sets in this way can result in efficient use of storage space.

Pick was originally implemented as the Generalized Information Retrieval Language System (GIRLS) on an IBM System/360 in 1965 by Don Nelson and Dick Pick at TRW for use by the U.S. Army to control the inventory of Cheyenne helicopter parts. Pick was subsequently commercially released in 1973 by Microdata (and their British distributor CMC) as the Reality Operating System now supplied by Northgate Information Solutions .

Originally on the Microdata implementation, and subsequently implemented on all Pick systems, a BASIC -like language called Data/BASIC with numerous syntax extensions for smart terminal interface and database operations was the primary programming language for applications. A PROC procedure language was provided for executing scripts . A SQL -style language called ENGLISH allowed database retrieval and reporting, but not updates (although later, the English command «REFORMAT» allowed updates on a batch basis). ENGLISH did not fully allow manipulation of the 3-dimensional multivalued structure of data records. Nor did it directly provide common relational capabilities such as joins . This was because powerful data dictionary redefinitions for a field allowed joins via the execution of a calculated lookup in another file. The system included a spooler . A simple text editor for file-system records was provided, but the editor was only suitable for system maintenance, and could not lock records, so most applications were written with the other tools such as Batch, RPL, or the BASIC language so as to ensure data validation and allow record locking .

Dick Pick had founded Pick & Associates, later renamed Pick Systems then Raining Data and currently called TigerLogic, and licensed what was now called «Pick» to a large variety of manufacturers and vendors who have produced different «flavors» of Pick. The database flavors sold by TigerLogic is now known as D3, mvBase, and mvEnterprise. Those sold by IBM under the » U2 » umbrella are known as UniData and UniVerse. Dick Pick died of stroke complications in October 1994.

Pick Systems was often tangled in licensing litigation, and relatively little effort was devoted to marketing and improving the software. Subsequent ports of Pick to other platforms generally offered the same tools and capabilities for many years, usually with relatively minor improvements and simply renamed (for example, Data/BASIC became Pick/BASIC and ENGLISH became ACCESS ). Licensees often developed proprietary variations and enhancements (for example, Microdata created their own input processor called ScreenPro). The resulting fragmented plethora of non-standard implementations caused the various Pick systems to wander ineffectively while the rest of the industry moved forward. As a result, Pick is no longer as popular or successful or discussed as it once was.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org

In the Finder, go to the File menu and select Preferences .

In the window that appears, there is a list of three checkboxes: «Hard disks», «Removable media» (such as CDs), and «Connected Servers». Checking the checkboxes will cause those disk drives to appear on the desktop; unchecking any of them will remove that type of drive from the desktop. The drives are still available by opening a new Finder window, they’re just not displayed on the desktop.

In Mac OS 10.3.X, Finder Preferences is divided into several parts. In order to find the checkboxes that control which disks appear on the desktop click on «General», the leftmost icon in the tool bar at the top of the preferences window.

In a situation where only some of the disks appear on the desktop

Source: http://8help.osu.edu

• самолично

The main differences between this and startMethodTracing() are that tracing in the qemu emulator traces every cpu instruction of every process, including kernel code, so we have more complete information, including all context switches. We can also get more detailed information such as cache misses. The sequence of calls is determined by post-processing the instruction trace. The qemu tracing is also done without modifying the application or perturbing the timing of calls because no instrumentation is added to the application being traced.

One limitation of using this method compared to using startMethodTracing() on the real device is that the emulator does not model all of the real hardware effects such as memory and bus contention. The emulator also has a simple cache model and cannot capture all the complexities of a real cache.

Source: http://developer.android.com

• Так

Cisco IOS:Cisco IOS Software is the world’s premiere network infrastructure software, delivering seamless integration of technology innovation, business-critical services, and hardware support Cisco IOS XE Software:Software for optimal services enablement used at the Enterprise and Service Provider Edge Cisco IOS XR Software:The foundation for network and service convergence Cisco NX-OS:The data center-class operating system for the virtualized data center

New releases deliver cutting-edge technologies and industry-leading functionality.

Cisco IOS technologies include innovative capabilities designed to amplify and extend network functions.

Get details about how to download, update, and upgrade Cisco IOS Software along with information about licensing and hardware considerations.

Source: http://www.cisco.com

Home  >  Products  >  Desktop Products  >  VMware Player

Source: http://www.vmware.com

According to an advanced notification released by Microsoft, the double-digit security bulletin, which will be released by the company on April 13th, 5 out of 11 security updates have been labeled as ‘Critical’ and are related to remote code execution affecting Microsoft Windows. Five other vulnerabilities have been categorized as ‘Important’ and affect Windows, Office and Exchange, whereas one update is ‘moderate’ and relates to spoofing in the Windows OS.

Microsoft’s flagship operating system, Windows 7, will also be served with four of the 11 security updates, including a patch for the recently discovered VB script F1 vulnerability in which users who pressed F1 after being prompted by a website, received malicious content which was injected into their PCs.

Disclosed on March 1, it affects older versions of Windows running Internet Explorer. The patch is being release despite the fact the vulnerability does not affect Windows 7 PCs. Commenting on the unnecessary Windows 7 patch, Microsoft said in a security bulletin that it “recommends that customers of this software apply this security update as a defense-in-depth measure.”

The other advisory to be closed is 977544, which involves a hole in Server Message Block (SMB) protocol that could allow a denial-of-service attack and that dates back to November. Software affected by the updates includes Windows 2000, XP, Vista, Windows 7, Server 2003, Server 2008, Office XP, Office 2003, 2007 Microsoft Office System and Exchange Server 2000, 2003, 2007, and 2010.

Also on Tuesday, Adobe Systems will release security updates for Reader and Acrobat via a new update system. Adobe has quarterly security update releases that coincide with Microsoft’s Patch Tuesdays. The updates affect Adobe Reader 9.3.1 for Windows, Mac, and Unix, Acrobat 9.3.1 for Windows and Mac, and Reader 8.2.1 and Acrobat 8.2.1 for Windows and Mac.

The company has been testing the updater technology with a sample of customers since Oct. 13. Users can set the system to automatically update, meaning the software will be downloaded and installed after it is available from Adobe, or semi-automatically so that the update is downloaded automatically but the user chooses when to install it.

Source: http://news.xinhuanet.com

• из-за

Rumors are coming fast and furious because MacBook Pros are due to be updated with new Intel silicon–that is, new mobile Core i5 and/or Core i7 processors. PC makers like Hewlett-Packard, Toshiba, Dell, and Sony have already moved en masse to the Intel chips, which came out in January.

This time the speculation seems more legit because blogs are citing new MacBook part numbers that Macrumors says it has independently confirmed as real. Others also seem to be taking the new data seriously.

Though timing is not certain, the emergence of part numbers may indicate the update will happen sooner rather than later.

9to5Mac speculates that the updates are 15- and 17-inch MacBook Pros.

And that’s not all. Best Buy is showing no stock for certain MacBook Pro 15.4-inch models, both online and in-store at many locations. Whether this is indicative of an imminent MacBook update is not clear, however.

Brooke Crothers has been an editor at large at CNET News, an analyst at IDC Japan, and an editor at The Asian Wall Street Journal Weekly, among other endeavors, including co-manager of an after-school math-and-reading center. He writes for the CNET Blog Network and is not a current employee of CNET. Disclosure .

Source: http://news.cnet.com

T-60 minutes to kickoff: At the friendly confines of Yurcak Field on the campus of Rutgers University, the New York/New Jersey Sky Blue Football Club (otherwise known as Sky Blue FC) adds a star above its shield…and a trophy to defend.

Pauliina Miettenen’s Ladies of the Raritan take on a Chicago Red Stars side looking to bounce back from a difficult inaugural year.

Sky Blue FC returns the bulk of its roster for the 2010 season. As with last year, the club is led by forward Natasha Kai, midfielders Carli Lloyd and Rosana and defender Keeley Dowling.

T-30: Line-ups…

17 Keeley Dowling—- 4 Daphne Koster —- 14 Brittany Taylor —- 7 Meghan Schnur

9 Heather O’Reilly —- 10 Carli Lloyd —- 13 Yael Averbuch —- 8 Kacey White

Substitutes:

Kalmari, an accomplished import from Finland, is expected to get plenty of touches today.

Colors: White tops with Chicago insignia, light blue shorts, white socks

2 Marian Dalmy —- 15 Kate Markgraf —- 4 Ifemoma Dieke —- 9 Whitney Engen

10 Kosovare Asllani —- 17 Katie Chapman —- 6 Brittany Klein —- 38 Julianne Sitch

Substitutes:

FIRST HALF START: 3:05 p.m.

1′—We are underway. Typing up the lineups as we speak, so there will be not as much commentary early.

6′—GOAL! Sky Blue FC 6 Natasha Kai Assist 10 Carli Lloyd

Excellent run off the offside trap, and a great pass by Lloyd to make it 1-0. I haven’t even completed typing the lineups yet, and already we have our first goal.

9′—Chicago will be on its heels for the rest of this game.

13′—As I said, there has not been much commentary from me on the match until now because of filling out the rosters and also commenting on MLS matters. I have had to deal with issues regarding frosted windows on my OS. You figure it out. Here’s Megan Schnur, but that pass for her was too strong. Goal kick. Offsides on Natasha Kai.

14′—A shot for Cristiane goes wide left. Sky Blue threw the gauntlet, Chicago picks it up.

15′—Lloyd snatches that up. Transition for Chicago never got started. The official today is Ted Unkel.

17′—Bardsley saved the corner. Here comes Sky Blue FC. The Red Stars defense holds in their third.

19′—Shot for Averbuch goes high and over for a goal kick.

20′—Cristiane is marked by Daphne Koster.

21′—Loyden never troubled on that offensive stanza. I’m looking at this match, and both sides need to pick up the pace.

24′—Kai looks a bit shaken up right now.

25′—Chicago has had their chances. Here’s another: their fifth corner of the match.

Bardsley hasn’t been tested, and offsides has been given. Goal kick.

28′—Sky Blue continues to push for a second.

29′—I haven’t paid much attention to the twittering going on. Loyden takes that easily.

31′—Sky Blue picks up the pace. Dalmy clears that one.

32′—Here come the Red Stars. They haven’t been able to do anything right now offensively. It’s been painful.

34′—One more corner for Chicago. One more clearance for the home side.

35′—Excellent work from Engen to mark O’Reilly.

36′—A chance for Carli Lloyd to facilitate goes awry.

38′—This is what makes Karen Bardsley a solid goalkeeper in the WPS: she knows the tendencies of those who take corners.

39′—Sitch’s chance goes wide.

43′—Here comes Chicago’s Kosovare Asllani. Her free kick goes wide, and there will be no stoppage time.

45′—First half ends, and the score:

SECOND HALF START: 4:07 P.M.

46′—Sky Blue FC begins the proceedings for this half.

47′—Chapman clears a Sky Blue volley that hits side netting, but it’s a corner. Too high of an attempt by Cristiane.

50′—Sky Blue FC continues to press for a second.

52′—Here’s Cristiane, but Heather O’Reilly marks her.

53′—Ella Masar’s attempt to tap one home is stopped. I wonder if Miettenen’s ladies will be content to finish one goal up; Chicago has been pushing for an equalizer.

57′—Cristiane still hasn’t found her touch. She didn’t have this problem as a player for Santos.

59′—Here’s O’Reilly with another volley inside the box. Loyden takes it.

62′—Emma Hayes asks for her team to crank up the pace. 

63′—Collision inside the box results in a goal kick for Loyden.

68′—Chicago hasn’t been rolling. They have been flat this match.

71′—The Sky Blue fans were looking for a point to the spot by Unkel for the challenge on Rosana. Wide shot by Cristiane.

73′—By the way, I reserve my right to keep Kai’s first name as is. That would be like calling Richard Hamilton «Rip Hamilton» for the long haul.

74′—Chicago has to be frustrated by its inability to finish in the attacking third, and rightfully so. The home fans with their thundersticks don’t mind. Good turnout for this one.

76′—Landstrom had a chance saved by Loyden.

Can Nogueira get the equalizer that has been eluding Chicago tonight?

79′—Free kick for the Red Stars for Nogueira, but that doesn’t amount to much.

80′—Here’s Cristiane again with the shot, but Koster is there.

81′—Another save by Loyden. Boy, hasn’t she been in a rhythm?

82′—Unkel again fails to point to the spot. Good stop by Bardsley.

83′—A high shot by Cristiane. This has been a problem for the Brazilian last season.

84′—Sky Blue FC feels like the match with the now folded Los Angeles Sol was last week. Dowling is walking with a limp.

87′—Bardsley is going off her line for that save. She’s had to manage the night, and she is doing her job well.

88′—Here comes Sky Blue FC. Volley punched away by Loyden, and the Red Stars go in transition.

89′—Asllani can’t believe her bad luck.

90′ + 1′—Landstrom couldn’t connect onthe header. Two minutes of stoppage time.

90′ + 2′—And that’s a wrap.

Source: http://bleacherreport.com

«Eles jogam terça-feira em casa com o Bolton e espera-se que ganhem. Nós tínhamos de ganhar todos os jogos até aqui e não conseguimos. É uma desilusão para nós, o título escorregou-nos hoje [domingo] da mão. Vai ser muito difícil ganhar este campeonato e só a derrota do Chelsea nos permite voltar a acreditar», assumiu o técnico escocês, que está a um ponto dos «blues» mas tem um jogo a mais disputado.

Para Alex Ferguson, a sua equipa podia e devia ter feito melhor: «Valencia devia ter marcado [mesmo antes do intervalo]. Era uma oportunidade de ouro e o momento também, a cinco minutos do final da primeira parte. Tivemos as oportunidades do jogo e devíamos ter feito mais.»

Source: http://www.maisfutebol.iol.pt

So I’m a hypocrite. After swearing that there was no way I’d ever own a tablet with a phone operating system , I broke down and got one. At this price point, I don’t see how I couldn’t. The wife couldn’t be happier, one needs just look at my bathroom above to see why. Gone are the endless stacks of magazines and books. Gone, is the image of her husband stuck behind his desk, nose in the computer (now, I’m on the couch, nose in the iPad, but at least being in the same room gives the impression of being engaged with the family).

Follow me after the jump for my impressions after week one.

I feel like I’m gonna break this damn thing, the polished aluminum back is too slick. One drop and poof seven hundred bucks bye-bye. Fortunately after my case arrived a few days later, it provided me with grip so I could really get down and use iPad.

First off, where the hell is the back button? Seriously, you can’t tell me that if I’m reading a magazine, and an notification comes up, I click to dismiss, and poof, I’m gone. To get back to where I was I gotta go all the way out, and fire up the magazine reader again? Seriously ? The company known for its usability though that was a pleasant user experience? There are a few other things that caught me by surprise, but the no back button, multi-tasking thing is taking the most effort to get used to.

As you’d expect the iPad’s collaboration plaform is pretty, and very functional. The calendar application on iPad looks and works significantly better than even it’s OS X counterpart (on frustration: can’t swipe to change “pages” and move to the next day, how crazy stupid is that). What is unexpected is that iPad’s collaboration apps actually work with Microsoft Exchange BETTER than MS Entourage on OS X.

This isn’t a look and feel issue, it’s plug it in and make it work issue. iPad’s apps, work with Exchange servers back to 2004, including global address book look up over the web, something I wish Entourage did. Even though the iPad’s applications are all separate, each is just incredibly functional, and they work together behind the scenes, in short I don’t miss Entourage at all. This experience was good enough to get me to ditch Entourage on my desktop, and give the native applications as second look –It’sgood.

I went with Zinio, since it’s a widely adopted platform for most of my subscriptions. What’s I was able to move most of my print subscriptions to Zinio, at no expense. This is very much the way to go, since there is no point in my mind to a separate application for each magazine / news paper.

Absolutely beautiful. For me this is iPads “Killer App” allowing me to get rid of massive stacks of magazines. Unfortunately, today it’s half-baked. As I found out too late, magazines in your subscriptions don’t download until you open them and wait for them download completely. This is a stupidly frustrating “feature” included presumably to help you conserve space. Like most iPad apps, there are no options to configure, which too is crazy frustrating.

The iPad interactive magazines are nice, but they still play way too much like websites. This is not the “Total Recall” multi-media experience I’d been hoping for, instead it’s switch to pretty page, Click to Play, Switch Page in short it’s not any different than the experience you’d get surfing this website. If this thing is supposed to help magazines compete with a free web, they’re gonna have to change the way they present information to users.

As a magazine reader, it’s nice, and alludes to the promise of the iPad, but doesn’t deliver completely. Since you have to be connected to read your content unless you manually pre-downloaded your library, it’s littler better and a whole lot slower than just reading articles on the web. I’m dying for version 2 since I moved all my subscriptions to this platform.

Choices, Choices. –Nor not. Actually there’s no choice at all here, because to put it simply, you don’t have to choose . Got a Kindle library? Fine, use the Kindle App. Want to load your own library of ePub docs (DRM free only), drag them to “books” in iTunes, and they’re in iBooks. I have both, and use both, and I love I don’t have to make a “rest of my life” decision on which platform I’d prefer to have my library on.

As far as reading goes, it breaks down like this: For illustrated works, cookbooks, etc. iBooks is your only choice. For actual, bed-side reading, I prefer Kindle. I find the glamour and sparkle of the iBooks UI is distracting when I’m just trying to read. Your mileage may vary. Good news is, again, you don’t have to choose.

My gripes : I can’t imagine a large library on this device. Today , this is not a platform for every book I own. In short if I tried to bring my whole library with me , both applications would be utterly unusable, and cluttered. If there is an ability to have stacks by author, genre, or other consolidation and browsing features in either app, I’ve not found it yet.

Source: http://www.cultofmac.com